With the development of biology, especially molecular biology technology, it has brought a new development opportunity to the cosmetic industry. Skin care products have developed from fine chemical beauty, plant beauty to biological beauty and gene beauty. As the main component of biological skin care products, natural hirudin has a high biological activity, which can significantly improve the microcirculation of skin tissue, play a biological regulatory role in a variety of cell physiological functions and metabolic activities, directly or indirectly affect the growth, division, differentiation, proliferation and migration of various types of cells, in beauty and skin care, plastic surgery, burn ulcer and various skin diseases. It plays an important role in oral repair and healing.
Skin aging is the external manifestation of human aging, which is the result of the combination of endogenous and exogenous factors. With the growth of age, the aging of the skin is more and more obvious, mainly manifested as dry, rough, wrinkled, lusterless, inelastic, pale, flabby skin, even skin atrophy, wrinkle and age spots. Sunlight or other environmental factors can also cause skin aging and damage, reducing skin cell activity. The aging of skin not only affects the appearance and image of human body, but also seriously hinders the physiological function of human skin, and even causes serious pathological changes of skin. Natural hirudin is the best active ingredient in skin care. It can control or regulate the aging process of skin, protect the damaged skin and delay the aging of skin. It is of great significance to maintain the structure and function of normal skin and the normal physiological activity and metabolism of the body. Adding natural hirudin into the cream, gel, essence, or emulsion through small particles or through special delivery systems (liposomes, encapsulated liposomes and microspheres) can play an important molecular biological effect on aging skin. The functions of natural hirudin are as follows:
(1) in the local tissue of skin, the toxins and metabolites in the microcirculation of tissue blood should be cleaned up, the ability and elasticity of microcirculation blood vessels should be improved, and the metabolism of local blood function should be improved.
(2) on the epidermis level: it can affect the activity and growth of keratinocytes, activate the migration and epithelialization of keratinocytes, stimulate the differentiation and regeneration of epidermal cells, strongly promote the repair and healing of epidermis, and inhibit the formation of scars.
(3) on the level of dermis: stimulate the activity of fibroblasts, enhance the structure of extracellular matrix, provide skin nutrients, promote skin wound healing and functional regeneration;
(4) on the overall level of skin: enhance the resistance to environmental damage, ultraviolet radiation, pollutants, irritants, sensitizers, and inflammatory substances, consolidate and enhance skin tension, increase skin elasticity, promote scar tissue decline, reduce scar formation, and delay skin aging. The main mechanisms are as follows:
(1) promote the proliferation, division and differentiation of epidermal and dermal cells (especially fibroblasts, epithelial cells and endothelial cells), increase the number of new cells, thicken the skin, and gradually restore the normal structure and physiological function of the skin;
(2) promote the formation of collagen fiber, reticular fiber and elastic fiber, regulate the formation of collagen and mucopolysaccharide, maintain the balance of water content and electrolyte metabolism in skin tissue, improve the water shortage state of dry skin and moisten skin tissue;
(3) promote the formation of new capillaries in skin tissue through the effect on vascular endothelial cells.
Natural hirudin has obvious effect on beauty and skin care products, but due to its high biological activity, some problems should be paid attention to in specific application:
(1) natural hirudin is a highly bioactive product, which is easily inactivated by environmental impact. Therefore, it is necessary to select appropriate dosage forms and protective agents according to the characteristics of the product, maintain the activity of cytokines, ensure the quality of the product, and adopt reasonable dosage form supply technology to achieve sufficient effective concentration locally.
(2) according to different people, skin conditions and natural hirudin characteristics, choose appropriate application time and methods, such as external use, injection, oral administration, ultrasound introduction, etc., to maximize the role of bioactive substances;
(3) all kinds of cells need a variety of natural hirudin to maintain their most appropriate proliferation state. A single active peptide has limited effect on cells, and a variety of active peptides can play a better role in synergy.
Due to the dose-response relationship of natural hirudin, as long as it can play its role in skin care or wound repair, it is impossible and unnecessary to use it successfully in skin care products, breaking through the boundaries of traditional skin care products, showing great potential, which is a revolution in the field of beauty.